Banknote France 1 Franc - City of Douai - 21-09-1914

Remarks:

épinglages, plis, salissures

This municipal bond with a face value of one franc was issued by the City of Douai on 21 September 1914, during the very first weeks of the First World War. This type of fiduciary document bears witness to the emergency measures taken by French municipalities in response to the shortage of metallic currency that prevailed at the outbreak of the conflict. Indeed, from August 1914 onwards, general mobilisation and the massive hoarding of precious metal coins led many towns to issue their own local means of payment in order to ensure the continuity of commercial exchanges.

The city of Douai, located in the Nord department, was situated in a war zone at the time, which made the issuance of such bonds particularly critical in order to maintain a minimum level of economic activity within the local population. These municipal bonds were only valid within the territory of the issuing municipality and constituted a temporary and decentralised solution to the disorganisation of the national monetary system.

This 1 franc note bears the precise date of 21 September 1914, making it an exactly dated document, unlike certain wartime issues that mention only the year of issue. This precision is relatively rare and lends this bond additional documentary value for the study of French emergency issues of the Great War.

From a numismatic and notaphilic standpoint, municipal bonds from the 1914-1918 period are today considered fully-fledged collectible items, representative of French local monetary history. They are listed in specialised catalogues dedicated to necessity currencies and wartime issues, and attract particular attention from collectors specialising in regional paper money and emergency issues.