Banknote Billet France 25 centimes 1914

Remarks:

Marques de manipulation

This emergency banknote was issued by the City of Épernay on 5 September 1914, just a few weeks after the outbreak of the First World War. In this context of conflict, the shortage of metallic currency led many municipalities, chambers of commerce and institutions to issue their own local payment instruments, in order to compensate for the lack of currency in circulation.

This note is denominated at a face value of 1 franc, although the associated data also mentions a value of 25 centimes, which may reflect the existence of several denominations issued simultaneously by the same municipal authority. The issue date inscribed on the document, 05-09-1914, makes it a direct testimony to the first weeks of the conflict, a period marked by profound economic disruption in France.

Épernay, a town located in the Marne department, in the Champagne region, was at the time situated in an area particularly exposed to military tensions, close to the front of the Battle of the Marne. The issuance of this note illustrates the emergency measures taken by local authorities to maintain a functional local economy despite the disruptions caused by the war.

This type of emergency currency, issued by French local authorities between 1914 and 1922, now constitutes a fully-fledged numismatic category, grouped under the name of municipal emergency banknotes. These paper documents, often of small format, generally bear the name of the issuing city, the face value, the date of issue, as well as signatures or official stamps guaranteeing their authenticity and local acceptance.

This note represents a historical and numismatic artefact from the period of the First World War, bearing witness to local monetary adaptations in the face of the economic upheavals brought about by general mobilisation and the war.